Principle of Optical-Electrical Encoder: (光电编码器)
Optical-electrical encoder is a kind of transducer by converting geometric displacement on the output shaft into impulse and digits. This is the most famous transducer on the market, optical electrical encoder was formed by two parts which are a grating disk and an optical-electrical detector. The grating disk is a plastic disk at a certain amount of diameter with a few rectangular holes. While the motor was spinning, the grating disk and the motor share the same rotational speed because the grating disk and the motor were on the same axis. After the impulse signal was detected by detecting device formed by LED etc., the encoder will counting the exact number of the impulse to tell the rotating speed. In addition, the encoding disk could also provide a signal output with phase difference of 90o, in order to determine the direction.
Incremental Encoder: (增量式)
An incremental encoder generates three impulses of phase A, B and Z by applying principle of optical-electrical converting. The phase difference between phase A and B is 90 degrees. Phase Z is the impulse of each spin. It is used in areas of accurate position locating. The advantage of the encoder is simple mechanism. The average of the using life of the encoder is over ten thousands of hours. It has well anti interference ability, high reliability. It suits long distance signal transferring. The disadvantage of the incremental encoder is that it cannot output absolute locating information.
Absolute Encoder: (绝对式)
An absolute encoder is a sensor that output digits directly. It has some concentric way in the optical disk. Each concentric way is formed by some fan-shaped phase. The number of fan-shaped phase is doubled. The concentric way is binary. One side of the grating disk is the source of the light; the other end is the light sensor. The grating disk would generate a binary signal by telling the different location of the grating disk. The advantage of the absolute encoder is that it does not require a counter. It is able to tell the location by receiving the digit of the shaft displacement. Obviously, the more concentric ways the higher the resolution will be. The concentric way of the grating disk should be equal to the digits of the binary encoder.